Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Loess shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Loess offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Loess at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Loess? Wrong! If the Loess is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Loess then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Loess? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Loess and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Loess wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Loess then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Loess site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Loess, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Loess, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
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Shanxi province, China
This article is about the geologic material. For the statistical technique see Local regression.
Among the classifications of soil types,
loess, from the
German language Löss or
Löß, and ultimately from Swiss German
lösch (
loose), pronounced in several different ways in English (International Phonetic Alphabet: ), it is a fine, silty, windblown (eolian) type of unconsolidated deposit. (The term sometimes refers to the soil derived from it.) It is derived from
glacier deposits, where glacial activity has ground rocks very fine (
rock flour). After drying, these deposits are highly susceptible to wind erosion, and downwind deposits may become very deep, even a hundred metres or more, as in areas of China and the Midwest United States. Loess deposits are geologically unstable by nature, and will erode even without being disturbed by humans; even well-managed loess farmland can experience dramatic erosion of well over 25 tonnes per hectare per year.
Hungary has several areas that are covered by loess. At locations such as
Dunaújváros and
Balatonakarattya, loess walls are exposed as "reefs" (see illustration). Similar formations exist in
Bulgaria on the south bank of the
Danube.
The central part of
Belgium is also covered by thick loess stacks. An interesting loess site where late Middle and Late Pleistocene Neanderthal artifacts were found within the soils between the loess layers is
Veldwezelt-Hezerwater.
Loess grains are angular, with little polishing or rounding, composed of crystals of quartz, feldspar, mica and other minerals. Because the grains are angular, loess will often stand in banks for many years without slumping. This soil has a characteristic called "vertical cleavage", which makes it easily excavated to form cave dwellings; this is still a popular method of making human habitations in some parts of China.
But it is also highly erodible by water or wind, and soils underlain by loess tend to be excessively drained (
droughty). As the grains
weathering, they release minerals, which means that soils derived from loess are usually very rich. One theory states that the fertility of loess soils is due largely to
electron exchange capacity (EEC) and pore space (the ability of plants to absorb nutrients from the soil, and the air-filled space in the soil, respectively). Unlike other soil, loess's fertility is not due to organic matter content, which actually tends to be rather low (unlike tropical soils, which depend almost wholly on organic matter for their fertility). In the Loess Hills of
Iowa, the fertility of the region is owed to the prairie
topsoils built by 10,000 years of post-glacial accumulation of organic-rich humus as a consequence of a persistent grassland biome. When the valuable A-horizon topsoil is erosion or degraded, the underlying loess soil is infertile, and requires the addition of fertilizers in order to support
agriculture. In general, the fertility of farmland in the Loess Hills of Iowa is lower than in the adjacent
alluvial floodplain of the Missouri River.
Though in geological time loess has an incredible rate of erosion, in a more human time scale loess is very durable and resistant to maltreatment. In China, for instance,
Loess Plateau along the Yellow River have been farmed and have produced phenomenal yields for over a thousand years; though a large amount of the credit for this goes to the farmers themselves, as Chinese farmers were the first to practice active erosion control, which also started about one thousand years ago. The largest deposit of loess in the United States, the Loess Hills along the border of
Iowa and
Nebraska, has also survived under intensive farming and, in this case, poor farming practices. For almost 150 years this loess deposit was farmed with Mouldboard Ploughs and fall tilled (both practices are intensely erosive); at times it suffered erosion rates of over 100 tonnes per hectare per year. However, today this loess deposit is worked as low till, or no till, in all areas and is aggressively
terrace (agriculture).
Loess soil forms sharp topographic hills east of the Mississippi River and Yazoo River in western
Mississippi north and south of Vicksburg. These deposits are in excess of 100 feet (30 m) thick (comparable to those in Iowa) immediately above the river valleys, to which they are sub-parallel, and thin to trace thickness within 25 miles (40 km) east. Streams and gulleys are incised very deeply and sharply between the linear loess ridges making topography very important in the conduct of military operations for the
Vicksburg Campaign. The loess soil near Vicksburg is apparently contemporaneous with the last phases of the last glaciation in the midwest, sometimes called the Altamont and Bemis stages of the Wisconsin glaciation in Iowa. Older loess deposits have not been identified in the Vicksburg area. Faunal remains include terrestrial gastropods and mastodons.
External links
- http://www.backyardnature.net/loess/loess.html Loess Hills of the Lower Mississippi Valley
- The Bibliography of Aeolian Research
, Shanxi province, China
This article is about the geologic material. For the statistical technique see Local regression.
Among the classifications of soil types,
loess, from the
German language Löss or
Löß, and ultimately from Swiss German
lösch (
loose), pronounced in several different ways in English (International Phonetic Alphabet: ), it is a fine,
silty, windblown (eolian) type of unconsolidated deposit. (The term sometimes refers to the soil derived from it.) It is derived from
glacier deposits, where glacial activity has ground rocks very fine (
rock flour). After drying, these deposits are highly susceptible to wind erosion, and downwind deposits may become very deep, even a hundred metres or more, as in areas of China and the Midwest
United States. Loess deposits are geologically unstable by nature, and will erode even without being disturbed by humans; even well-managed loess farmland can experience dramatic erosion of well over 25 tonnes per hectare per year.
Hungary has several areas that are covered by loess. At locations such as
Dunaújváros and Balatonakarattya, loess walls are exposed as "reefs" (see illustration). Similar formations exist in Bulgaria on the south bank of the
Danube.
The central part of Belgium is also covered by thick loess stacks. An interesting loess site where late Middle and Late Pleistocene
Neanderthal artifacts were found within the soils between the loess layers is
Veldwezelt-Hezerwater.
Loess grains are angular, with little polishing or rounding, composed of crystals of
quartz, feldspar,
mica and other minerals. Because the grains are angular, loess will often stand in banks for many years without slumping. This soil has a characteristic called "vertical cleavage", which makes it easily excavated to form cave dwellings; this is still a popular method of making human habitations in some parts of China.
But it is also highly erodible by water or wind, and soils underlain by loess tend to be excessively drained (
droughty). As the grains weathering, they release minerals, which means that soils derived from loess are usually very rich. One theory states that the fertility of loess soils is due largely to electron exchange capacity (EEC) and pore space (the ability of plants to absorb nutrients from the soil, and the air-filled space in the soil, respectively). Unlike other soil, loess's fertility is not due to organic matter content, which actually tends to be rather low (unlike tropical soils, which depend almost wholly on organic matter for their fertility). In the Loess Hills of
Iowa, the fertility of the region is owed to the prairie topsoils built by 10,000 years of post-glacial accumulation of organic-rich humus as a consequence of a persistent grassland biome. When the valuable A-horizon topsoil is erosion or degraded, the underlying loess soil is infertile, and requires the addition of fertilizers in order to support agriculture. In general, the fertility of farmland in the Loess Hills of Iowa is lower than in the adjacent
alluvial floodplain of the
Missouri River.
Though in geological time loess has an incredible rate of erosion, in a more human time scale loess is very durable and resistant to maltreatment. In China, for instance,
Loess Plateau along the
Yellow River have been farmed and have produced phenomenal yields for over a thousand years; though a large amount of the credit for this goes to the farmers themselves, as Chinese farmers were the first to practice active erosion control, which also started about one thousand years ago. The largest deposit of loess in the United States, the Loess Hills along the border of
Iowa and
Nebraska, has also survived under intensive farming and, in this case, poor farming practices. For almost 150 years this loess deposit was farmed with
Mouldboard Ploughs and fall tilled (both practices are intensely erosive); at times it suffered erosion rates of over 100 tonnes per hectare per year. However, today this loess deposit is worked as low till, or no till, in all areas and is aggressively terrace (agriculture).
Loess soil forms sharp topographic hills east of the Mississippi River and
Yazoo River in western Mississippi north and south of Vicksburg. These deposits are in excess of 100 feet (30 m) thick (comparable to those in Iowa) immediately above the river valleys, to which they are sub-parallel, and thin to trace thickness within 25 miles (40 km) east. Streams and gulleys are incised very deeply and sharply between the linear loess ridges making topography very important in the conduct of military operations for the Vicksburg Campaign. The loess soil near Vicksburg is apparently contemporaneous with the last phases of the last glaciation in the midwest, sometimes called the Altamont and Bemis stages of the Wisconsin glaciation in Iowa. Older loess deposits have not been identified in the Vicksburg area. Faunal remains include terrestrial gastropods and mastodons.
External links
- http://www.backyardnature.net/loess/loess.html Loess Hills of the Lower Mississippi Valley
- The Bibliography of Aeolian Research
Loess - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Loess is a homogeneous, typically nonstratified, porous, friable, slightly coherent, often calcareous, fine-grained, silty, pale yellow or buff in color, windblown (aeolian ...
Loess Plateau - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Loess Plateau (simplified Chinese: 黄 土 高 原; traditional Chinese: 黃土高原; pinyin: huángtǔ gāoyuán), also known as the Huangtu Plateau, is a plateau that covers ...
loess - definition of loess by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus ...
lo·ess (l s, l s, l s) n. A buff to gray windblown deposit of fine-grained, calcareous silt or clay. [German Löss, from German dialectal Lösch, from lösch, loose; see leu-in ...
loess definition of loess in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
loess (lĕs, lō`əs, Ger. lös), unstratified soil deposit of varying thickness, usually yellowish and composed of fine-grained angular mineral particles mixed with clay.
loess definition | Dictionary.com
noun . a loamy deposit formed by wind, usually yellowish and calcareous, common in the Mississippi Valley and in Europe and Asia.
Loess - LoveToKnow 1911
LOESS (Ger. Loss), in geology, a variety of loam. Typical loess is a soft, porous rock, pale yellowish or buff in colour; one characteristic property is its capacity to retain ...
loess - Wiktionary
Definition from Wiktionary, a free dictionary
Loess Spa
The Loess Spa is a wonderful place where women gather to rejuvenate their bodies and spirits." The Loess Spa dedicated to providing quality spa services to the women of Hawaii.
loess - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about loess
loess. Yellow loam, derived from glacial meltwater deposits and accumulated by wind in periglacial regions during the ice ages. Loess usually attains considerable depths, and the ...
4.1.4.4. LOESS (aka LOWESS)
Useful When Unknown & Complicated: LOESS is one of many "modern" modeling methods that build on "classical" methods, such as linear and nonlinear least squares regression.
